The Canterbury Tales, written by Chaucer, and Sir Gawain...

The Canterbury Tales, written by Chaucer, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, written by an anonymous author, are both sophisticated fourteenth-century examples of medieval romance. Medieval romances captured the heart of their audiences as narratives and stories that featured a protagonist, often a knight, and dealt with religious allegories, chivalry, courtly love, and heroic epics. The concept of the knight emerged from the remnants of the Anglo-saxon literature and ideals and influence of the Christian religion and church. There is a distinct difference between the famous pagan heroic like Beowulf and the romantic medieval tales like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight of the Canterbury Tale. The Anglo-Saxon hero Beowulf exemplified†¦show more content†¦Sir Gawain and the Green Knight along with The Canterbury Tales features impressive knights that all boast a chivalric code. As Sir Gawain and the Green Knight unfolds, we readers are led to look beneath the attractive surfa ce of chivalry and question exactly what chivalry is through examples such as: Sir Arthur , Sir Gawain, the Green Knight, Palamon, and Arcite. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight begins with an extended idealized description of Arthur’s court; â€Å"The most noble knights known under Christ, / And the loveliest ladies that lived on earth ever, / And he the comeliest king, that that court holds. † (Marie, 51-53) The court is in the middle of its Christmas celebration, the knights and ladies are young-and well favored enjoying the pleasures of court life. However, there is a negative side to the youthful King Arthur, and his kingly whim who that desired a tale of â€Å"some suppliant came seeking some single knight / to join with him in jousting, in jeopardy each / to lay life for life and leave it to fortune.† (Marie, 96-99) Thereby implication the court and the romantic ideals they represent: a potentially damaging carelessness, a lack of stability, and responsibi lity. Authur’s court is initially regaled as: And your court and your company are counted the best, Stoutest under steel-gear on steeds to ride Worthiest of their works the whole world over, And peerless to prove in passages of arms, And courtesy here is carried to its height, (Marie,Show MoreRelatedLiterature Reflecting Religious and Political Ideals3433 Words   |  14 PagesChristian knight and holy warrior by the time the story was written down in the 9th Century. His mission is also Christ-like in that he sacrifices his life to defend the people against Grendel and his mother the Dragon or Devil. The Green Knight is a story from the High Middle Ages (1000-1300 AD), which is commonly thought of as an age of chivalry and knights in shining armor. In popular culture, this remains the most popular and persistent image of medieval culture and society. Sir Gawain was theRead More Womens Roles in Epic of Gilgamesh, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Canterbury Tales1481 Words   |  6 PagesChanging Womens Roles in The Epic of Gilgamesh, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Canterbury Tales Over the course of time, the roles of men and women have changed dramatically. As women have increasingly gained more social recognition, they have also earned more significant roles in society. This change is clearly reflected in many works of literature, one of the most representative of which is Plautuss 191 B.C. drama Pseudolus, in which we meet the prostitute Phoenicium. Although theRead MoreHistory of British Literature3343 Words   |  14 PagesCulture: by 15th century England had become a nation with the sense of separate identity and indigenous culture 1362- English became the official language in court and was also used in schools. 14thc. witnessed the first original literary works written in English. Middle English literature English literature of the medieval period, c.1100 to c.1500. Background The Norman conquest of England in 1066 traditionally signifies the beginning of 200 years of the domination of French in English lettersRead MoreDiscuss the Relationship Between Appearance and Reality and the Issues This Involves in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and ‘the Franklin’s Tale’.2721 Words   |  11 PagesDiscuss the relationship between appearance and reality and the issues this involves in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and ‘The Franklin’s Tale’. Judging a Book by its Cover The appearance of a situation, person or place may sometimes be at total odds with its actual reality, and thus change previous conceptions held of a thing or person. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Chaucer’s The Franklin’s Tale, not only are there illusions throughout the tale’s themselves, but the reality of theRead More Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was written in the late fourteenth century. Its author was unknown, but he or she was a contemporary of Chaucer. The poem consists of two plots: one is the challenge between Sir Gawain and the Green Knight in a beheading game, and the other is the temptation of Sir Gawain by a lady from a beautiful castle. The outcome of the challenge as well as the life of Gawain is made to depend--though Gawain does not know it--on his behaviorRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucers Style Of Literature956 Words   |  4 Pagesliterary world in a new way. During these times, there were expectations of all people, Knights were to act with chivalry and dignity, Monks were to solely practice faith and religion, and ordinary people were to have morals. These expectations were just a few of the things that would be considered Anglo Saxon beliefs, the most popular form of literature of this time. The poems, plays, epics and pieces of literature written during the Medieval times all con tained the Anglo Saxon traits, which there are manyRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1591 Words   |  7 Pages  Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a late 14th-century Middle English chivalric romance. It is one of the best known Arthurian stories, and is of a type known as the beheading game. The Green Knight is interpreted by some as a representation of the Green Man of folklore and by others as an allusion to Christ. Written in stanzas of alliterative verse, each of which ends in a rhyming bob and wheel, it draws on Welsh, Irish and English stories, as well as the French chivalric tradition. It is anRead MoreReligion Throughout British Literature2205 Words   |  9 PagesWith all the books read in class this year, there has been some type of influence on the way each story was written. From Beowulf to Paradise Lost, there have been many, mostly religious, persuasions in the style and approach to writing of the novel. These influences, whether theyre religious or cultur al or psychological, have a deep impact on the story and are reflective of a literary time period. The differences in each story show the changes in the culture, religion, or the way people thoughtRead MoreWomen As Represented In Society By Anita Kay OPry-Reynolds-Renolds938 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent Medieval works of literatures to help support her thesis. OPry-Reynolds uses some details from Beowulf, Lancelot, Knight of the Cart, and Sir Gawain and The Green Knight to show the different gender roles between men and women. The details OPry-Reynolds finds from the different Medieval literatures in her essay are not supported in The Prologue to The Canterbury Tales and The Wife of Bath. Anita Kay OPry-Renolds Men and Women as Represented in Medieval Literature in Society explainsRead MoreThe Changing Face of Love in English Literature1528 Words   |  7 Pageshave studied have written about love in its many forms, from the cerebral to the visceral and they have used this compl ex emotion to propel their stories and their sonnets. As we progress forward in time we see a distinct change in the freedom writers had as they addressed this theme and a change in the way men perceived love. Chaucer explores love as a motivating theme in â€Å"The Knight’s Tale† within his â€Å"Canterbury Tales†. Arcita and Palamon are the main characters within this tale and their actions

A Review Of Electro Magnet Therapy Health Essay Free Essays

string(43) " hurting caused by degenerative arthritis\." Loss of articular gristle, induration and eburnation of sub-chondral bone, osteophytes and sub-chondral cysts ( Keuttner and Goldberg 1995 ) . Osteoarthritis ( OA ) is the most common upset of the musculoskeletal system and is a effect of mechanical and biological events that destabilize tissue homeostasis in articular articulations. Osteoarthritis ( OA ) is presently defined by the American College of Rheumatology as a â€Å"heterogeneous group of conditions that leads to joint symptoms and marks which are associated with faulty unity of articular gristle, in add-on to related alterations in the underlying bone at the joint margins. We will write a custom essay sample on A Review Of Electro Magnet Therapy Health Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The etiology of OA is multi factorial, with inflammatory, metabolic, and mechanical causes. A figure of environmental hazard factors, such as fleshiness, business, and injuries, may originate assorted pathological tracts. OA indicates the devolution of articular gristle together with alterations in sub-chondral bone and mild intra-articular redness. Osteoarthritis ( OA ) has a really high prevalence among middle-aged and aged people and the disease is responsible for significant direct and indirect socioeconomic costs and the intervention options are few and unsatisfactory. The chief intervention aims are to command hurting adequately, better map, and cut down disablement. Acetaminophen is often used for diagnostic OA with mild to chair hurting. Non-steroidal anti, or manual therapy. The value of intercessions aimed at bettering map and maximising independency ( occupational therapy, walking AIDSs, and workplace version ) is besides ill-defined. The disease class and patient ‘s demands frequently change over clip, therefore necessitating a periodic reappraisal and readjustment of therapy instead than the stiff continuance of a individual intervention. The articulatio genus is one of the most normally affected articulations and patients present with a combination of hurting, malformation, redness, stiffness and musculus wasting. The essay reviews the electro magnetic therapy for handling articulatio genus degenerative arthritis, analysing the underlying rule of what it is and how it works. The research literature on the topic has been exhaustively reviewed to pull a meaningful decision about the effectivity of the method. Electro Magnetic Therapy Electro magnetic therapy is a signifier of alternate medical specialty in which the disease is treated by using electro magnetic energy to the organic structure. Electro magnetic therapy is found to be successful in handling assorted signifiers of physical hurting. The assorted electro magnetic devices, including magnets are used worldwide to laminate hurting, to mend broken castanetss, to alleviate many signifiers of emphasis, and to alleviate symptoms affecting the skeleton and the articulations of the organic structure. The human organic structure produces really elusive electro magnetic Fieldss, which have been generated in the organic structure through chemical reaction within cells and ionic currents go throughing through the nervous system. In recent old ages scientists have been detecting more and more ways that electro magnetic Fieldss act upon the organic structure ‘s working both in a positive every bit good as a negative mode. These observations and other has led to the development of electro magnetic therapy. Osteoarthritis, which is besides known as Degenerative Arthritis, is one of the most common types of arthritis. It involves the devolution of the gristle located in the articulations. Osteoarthritis occurs due to loss of gristle and electro magnetic therapy is believed to excite gristle growing. This has led to the usage of electro magnetic therapy in handling articulatio genus degenerative arthritis. Critical Review Some research workers reported the successful direction of degenerative arthritis through controlled chondrocyte decease and programmed cell death, use of response to anabolic and katabolic stimulations and matrix synthesis or debasement and redness ( Fini et al. , 2005 ) . This comes under possible chondroprotective intervention. This intervention is considered to be the better attack relativAlthough many drugs o to medicate intervention as the bulk of them relieve hurting and addition map, but do non modify the complex pathological procedures that occur in these tissues. Contrary to this pulsed electromagnetic Fieldss ( PEMFs ) surely show important physiological effects on cells and tissues by the upregulation of cistron look of members of the transforming growing factor beta ace household. This intervention besides has advantage over the traditional medical specialties as it increases glycosaminoglycan degrees, and an anti-inflammatory action. Hence there is a strong principle for the usage of electro magnetic therapy in intervention of degenerative arthritis as it involves the vivo usage of biophysical stimulation with PEMFs. Liu et al. , ( 1996 ) noticed the positive function of Pulsed electromagnetic Fieldss ( PEMF ) as they influence the extracellular matrix metamorphosis of a diverse scope of skeletal tissues. The positive consequence of PEMF on the composing and molecular construction of gristle proteoglycans was good established which can be considered as strong principle for this therapy. One thing was made clear that PEMF intervention would n’t impact the DNA content of explants. However its function in stirred lift of glycosaminoglycan content in the explant and preservation of the tissue ‘s histological unity was good documented. Furthermore it was revealed that the PEMF intervention significantly suppressed both the debasement of preexistent glycosaminoglycans biosynthetically labeled in ovo and the synthesis of new [ 35S ] -sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Most noteworthy happening emerged out of this survey is that the exposure of embryologic biddy gristle explants to PEMF for 3 h/day maintained a balanced proteoglycan composing by down-regulating its turnover without impacting either molecular construction or map. Thamsborg et al. , ( 2005 ) besides investigated the effectivity of pulsed electromagnetic Fieldss ( PEMF ) in the intervention of degenerative arthritis ( OA ) of the articulatio genus. The accent was chiefly given to a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical test and.the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities ( WOMAC ) questionnaire. It was revealed that a important betterment in ADL ( Activities of daily larning ) , stiffness and hurting was recorded with PEMF-treated groups. One of the weak points that emerged out of this survey is that the betterment witnessed with PMEF is non important with elderly people. The principle for this survey is that the patients lt ; 65 old ages of age responded highly good to PMEF intervention in footings of reduced hurting caused by degenerative arthritis. You read "A Review Of Electro Magnet Therapy Health Essay" in category "Essay examples" No uncertainty, the positive function of electromagnetic therapy in hurting decrease is good established. The mechanism in which this hurting decrease occurs is as follows: Pain signals are transmitted along nerve cells to pre-synaptic terminuss. At these terminuss, channels in the cell alter due to a motion of ions. The membrane potency alterations, doing the release of a chemical sender from a synaptic cyst contained within the membrane. The hurting signal is chemically transferred across the synaptic spread to chemical receptors on the post-synaptic nervus cell. This all happens in about 1/2000th of a 2nd, as the synaptic spread is merely 20 to 50 nanometers broad. As the hurting signal, in chemical signifier, approaches the post-synaptic cell, the membrane alterations and the signal is transferred. If we look at the electromotive forces across the synaptic membrane so, under no hurting conditions, the degree is about -70 millivolt. When the hurting signal approaches the membrane potency additions to about +30 millivolt, it allows Na flow. This in bend triggers the synaptic cyst to let go of the chemical sender and so reassign the hurting signal across the synaptic spread or cleft. After the transmittal, the electromotive force reduces back to its normal quiescent degree until the following hurting signal arrives. The application of pulsed magnetic attraction to painful sites causes the membrane to be lowered to a hyper-polarization degree of about -90 millivolt. When a hurting signal is detected, the electromotive force must now be raised to a comparatively higher degree in order to fire the synaptic cysts. Since the mean alteration of potency required to make the trigger electromotive force of about +30 millivolt is +100 millivolt, the needed alteration is excessively great and merely +10 millivolt is attained. This electromotive force is by and large excessively low to do the synaptic cyst to let go of the chemical sender and therefore the hurting signal is blocked. The most effectual frequences that have been observed from research in order to do the above alterations to membrane potencies are a basal frequence of around 100Hz and pulse rate scenes of between 5 and 25Hz† . The Rationale Let us critically analyse the principle behind the efficaciousness and application of electro magnetic therapy in intervention of degenerative arthritis. The reappraisal of some most relevant research documents has been carried out to come to a valid decision. The function of electro magnetic therapy in cistron look ordinance was considered to be the chief principle ( Aaron et al. , 2004 ) . This cistron look happens in connective tissue cells for structural extracellular matrix ( ECM ) proteins ensuing in an addition in gristle and bone production. It was besides established that the electro magnetic therapy enhanced fix and a addition in mechanical belongingss of the mending tissues. The failing of the survey is that the biophysical interactions of electric and electromagnetic Fieldss at the cell membrane are non good understood and require considerable extra survey. It was besides noticed that the understanding physical interactions and transmembrane signaling will most probably be necessary to set up dosing paradigms and better curative efficaciousness. Most notably, considerable information has been generated on an intermediary mechanism of activity – growing factor stimulation. In short, electric and electromagnetic Fieldss increase cistron look for, and synthesis of, growing factors and this may work to magnify field effects through autocrine and paracrine signaling. Electric and electromagnetic Fieldss can bring forth a sustained upregulation of growing factors, which enhance, but do non disorganise endochondral bone formation. Another of import principle for utilizing electromagnetic therapy in intervention of degenerative arthritis is that it plays important function in chondrogenic distinction in endochondral ossification ( Coimbor et al. , 2002 ) . But it has to be applied in highly low frequence. The positive function of electro magnetic therapy was good established by the demineralized bone matrix ( DBM ) -induced endochondral ossification theoretical account. The electro magnetic therapy brought important alterations in [ 35S ] -Sulfate and [ 3H ] -thymidine incorporation and glycosaminoglycan ( GAG ) content. Bistolfi ( 2006 ) emphasized the importance of electro magnetic therapy in doing bioeffects at the bone and soft tissue degree, and at the cellular degree. It affects the operation of bone-forming cells, osteoclasts, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, nervus cells and endothelial and musculus cells. The strong principle behind the function of electro magnetic therapy lies in transduction phenomena happening in life affair. The chief drawback of this theory is that electromagnetic and mechanical signals are non ever interchangeable, depending on their several strength. One theory on efficaciousness of electromagnetic theory in cut downing the hurting caused due to osteoarthritis provinces that the elderly animate beings may non react good. However, it was proved incorrectly as some research probes conducted on Guinea hogs revealed that the pulsed electromagnetic field ( PEMF ) stimulation has a chondro protective consequence on degenerative arthritis ( OA ) patterned advance in the articulatio genus articulations of elderly guinea hogs. Even in the presence of terrible OA lesions PEMFs maintained a important efficaciousness in cut downing lesion patterned advance. Articular gristle is the joint construction most affected by osteo-arthritis. It is constituted by cells known as chondrocytes. These cells industry, secrete and keep the organic constituent of the extracellular compartment, or gristle matrix, composed of a dense collagen filament web enmeshed in aconcentrated solution of proteoglycans and H2O. They determine the biomechanical behavior of the tissue in response to dynamic burden ( Mow et al, 1989 ; Mow and Wang, 1999 ) . Their malfunction is frequently related to a lessening in proteoglycan concentration, in add-on to underlying bone harm, bone mortification, and bone remodelling, taking to break of the gristle collagen-proteoglycan matrix, and a decreasing ability of gristle and the environing joint tissues to absorb compressive emphasiss. A figure of carnal surveies have shown that when electric field is applied on articular gristle an addition in its proteoglycan content ( Aaron and Ciombor, 1993 ) can be found. This is indicated by an addition in its sulfate incorporation. The biological account for this result is non really clear, but may affect information transferred to the chondrocytes refering the nature of their mechanical environment and the province of the extracellular matrix which modifies written text and synthesis ( Aaron and Ciombor, 1993 ) . Alternately, pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss may interact with ligands on the chondrocyte cell surface membrane, and this interaction may take to alterations in internal Ca concentrations that trigger proteoglycan production ( Granziana et al, 1990 ; Lee et Al, 1993 ) . The Fieldss may besides increase chondrocyte synthesis of proteoglycans straight themselves ( Aaron and Ciombor, 1993 ) . This response, which may be cell specific may depend upon the electro physical parametric quantities of the applied pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss, including: amplitude, continuance and frequence, in add-on to the denseness of the cells themselves, and, intermittent exposure of gristle cells to pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss may be superior to uninterrupted exposure. In footings of continuance, Brighton et Al ( 1984 ) found the incorporation of sulfate into artilage supermolecules was increased within five yearss of pulsed electro magnetic field application to chondrocyte cell civilizations and that this increased even further, after 12 yearss. Furthermore, the civilizations exposed to the electrical Fieldss retained 95 % of their newly formed proteoglycans compared to 70 % of those assayed in control civilizations ( Aaron and Ciombor, 1993 ) , therefore proposing katabolism was slower in the treated tissue civilizations. Similar findings have been reported by Smith and Nagel ( 1983 ) and although gristle collagen content tends to stay unchanged during exposure to pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss ( Aaron and Ciombor, 1993 ) , cartilage proteoglycan molecules that are synthesised in response to pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss appear to be normal in size and composing. Pulsed electro magnetic field interventions might besides assist to continue extracellular matrix unity in early phases of degenerative arthritis, where inordinate proteoglycan is laid down, by down-regulating proteoglycan synthesis and debasement in aco-ordinated mode without impacting structural unity, and by increasing the proliferation of available chondrocytes, and their DNA man-made mechanisms. The mechanical and functional belongingss of articular gristle depend on the complex composing and organisation of its extracellular matrix ( ECM ) . The synthesis and debasement of ECM constituents is purely regulated by articular chondrocytes, which maintain gristle homeostasis in normal conditions. In pathological conditions, such as degenerative arthritis ( OA ) , changes in the normal functional activities of chondrocytes contribute to the instability in turnover of ECM constituents with debasement transcending synthesis ensuing in gradual harm of the articular gristle. The articular gristle metamorphosis is controlled by insulin like growing factors which can be modulated by electro magnetic forces. Clinical and carnal surveies show the possibility that exposure to electro magnetic force can hold a positive consequence on intervention of degenerative arthritis. Surveies indicate that PEMF can forestall gristle devolution through an adenosine receptor agonist consequence that can command locally the inflammatory processes that are ever associated with OA patterned advance. Evidence for enhanced cell distinction and extracellular matrix synthesis due to PEMF has been proved by a survey published in the diary of orthopedic research ( 2002 ) . An of import determination of this research was that, Proteoglycans ( PG ) are synthesized earlier and to a greater grade in EMF-exposed bonelets. The grounds for enhanced ripening in the open bonelets is farther supported by a temporal acceleration and quantitative addition in the look of messenger RNA for aggrecan and type II collagen compared to command bonelets on yearss 6 and 8 of development. Accelerated ripening of cartilagematrix by EMF is besides observed morphologically and biochemically. Earlier chondrocyte hypertrophy and matrix calcification are apparent. Jointly, these informations suggest that chondrogenic distinction occurs earlier, and that gristle extracellular matrix is synthesized to a greater grade and matures faster in response to EMF exposure. The consequence suggests the occuring of chondrogenic distinction and that, the exposure of assorted constellations of electro magnetic Fieldss can assist mend degenerative arthritis. Decision Overall, the electro magnetic therapy has helped in clinical intervention of degenerative arthritis by pull stringsing cistron look in fix tissues, positive consequence on gristle growing and several other bio-chemical alterations at cellular degree in life cells. Its consequence was found to be important even in elderly patients. However, the effects of magnetic Fieldss on organic structure tissues are complex and look to change from tissue to weave and from different strengths and continuance of the magnetic field applied. Much work demands to be done to optimise such variables as signal constellation and continuance of intervention before throbing electro magnetic field therapy can be by and large recommended. Several research probes though confirmed the high quality of electromagnetic therapy, its extent of positive function on articulatio genus osteo arthritis has to be farther studied before pulling valid decisions ( Hulme et al. , 2002 ) . Mentions Aaron, R K and Ciombor, D McK ( 1993 ) . ‘Therapeutic effects of electro magnetic Fieldss in the stimulation of connective tissue fix ‘ , Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 52, 42-46. Aaron, R.K. , Boyan, B.D. , Ciombor, D.M. , Schwartz, Z. and Simon, B.J. ( 2004 ) . Stimulation of growing factor synthesis by electric and electromagnetic Fieldss. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 410: 30-7. Altman R, Alarcon G, Appelrouth D, Bloch D, Borenstein D, A ; Brandt K, ( 1991 ) . ‘The American College of Rheumatology standards for the categorization and coverage of degenerative arthritis of the hip ‘ . Arthritis Rheum Vol. 34 pp 505-14. Barbero A, Grogan S, Schafer D, Heberer M, MainilVarlet P, Martin I. ( 2004 ) . Age related alterations in human articular chondrocyte output, proliferationand post-expansion chondrogenic capacity. Osteoarthritis Cartilage.12:476-84. Bistolfi, F. ( 2006 ) . Evidence of interlinks between bioelectromagnetics and biomechanics: from biophysics to medical natural philosophies. Phys Med. 22 ( 3 ) :71-95. Brighton, C T, Unger, A S and Stanbough, J L ( 1984 ) . ‘In vitro growing of bovine articular gristle chondrocytes in assorted capacitively conjugate electrical Fieldss ‘ , Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 1, 15-22. Ciombor DM, Aaron RK, Wang S, Simon B. ( 2003 ) . Alteration of degenerative arthritis by pulsed electromagnetic field.A morphological survey. Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 11 ( 6 ) :455e62. Coimbor, D.M. , Lester, G. , Aaron, R.K. , Neame, P. and Caterson, B. 2002. Low frequence EMF regulates chondrocyte distinction and look of matrix proteins. J.Orthop Res. 20 ( 1 ) :40-50. Diniz P, Soejima K. and Ito G. ( 2002 ) . Nitric oxide mediates the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation on the osteoblast proliferation and distinction. Nitric Oxide. 7 ( 1 ) :18e23. Fini, M. , Giavaresi, G. , Carpi, A. , Nicolini, A. , Setti, S. and Giardino, R. ( 2005 ) . Effectss of pulsed electromagnetic Fieldss on articular hyaline gristle: reappraisal of experimental and clinical surveies. Biomed pharmacother. 59 ( 7 ) :388-94. Fini, M. , Torricelli, P. , Giavaresi, G. , Aldini, N.N. , Cavani, F. , Setti, S. , Nicolini, A. , Carpi, A. and Giardino, R. ( 2007 ) . Consequence of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation on articulatio genus gristle, subchondral and epyphiseal trabeculate bone of elderly Dunkin Hartley guinea hogs. Biomed Pharmacother. E publication. April issue. Graziana, A, Ranjeva, R and Teissie, J ( 1990 ) . ‘External electric Fieldss stimulate the electrogenic calcium/sodium exchange in works energids ‘ , Biochemistry, 29, 8313-18. Hulme, J. , Robinson, V. , DeBie, R. , Wells, G. , Judd, M. and Tugwell, P. 2002. Electromagnetic Fieldss for the intervention of degenerative arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1: CD003523. Keuttner KE A ; Goldberg V ( explosive detection systems ) ( 1995 ) . Osteoarthritic upsets, Academy of orthopaedic sawboness: Rosemont, II pp 21-5 LIU, H. , ABBOTT, J. and THE LATE BEE, J.A. ( 1996 ) . Pulsed electromagnetic Fieldss influence hyaline gristle extracellular matrix composing without impacting molecular construction. Osteoarthritis gristle. 4 ( 1 ) : 63-76. Mow, V C, Proctor, C S and Kelly, M C ( 1989 ) . ‘Biomechanics of articular gristle ‘ , in Nordin, M and Frankel, V H ( explosive detection systems ) Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System, Lea and Febiger, New York, pages 31-57. Mow, V C and Wang, C C ( 1999 ) . ‘Some biotechnology considerations for tissue technology of articular gristle ‘ , Clinical Orthopedicss and Related Research, 367S, S204-S223. Olyaee Manesh A, Flemming K, Cullum NA, Ravaghi H. ( 2006 ) . Electro magnetic therapy for handling force per unit area ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 3. The Cochrane Collaboration. 19 April, 2006. Pipitone N A ; Scott D. L. ( 2001 ) . ‘Magnetic Pulse Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study ‘ Current Medical Research and Opinion, Vol 17, No 3, pp. 190-196 ( 7 ) Sadlonova J. and Korpas J. ( 1999 ) . Personal experience in the usage of magnetotherapy in diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Bratisl Lek Listy.100 ( 12 ) :678e81. Smith, R L and Nagel, D A ( 1983 ) . ‘Effects of pulsating electromagnetic Fieldss on bone growing and articular gristle ‘ , Clinical Orthopedicss and Related Research, 181, 277-282. G. Thamsborg M.D.y, A. Florescu M.D.y, P. Oturai M.D.z, E. Fallentin M.D.x, K. Tritsaris Ph.D.k and S. Dissing Dr.Sci.k. ( 2005 ) . Treatment of articulatio genus degenerative arthritis with pulsed electromagnetic Fieldss: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled survey. Osteoarthritis gristle. 13 ( 7 ) : 575-581. Trock DH, Bollet AJ, Markoll R. ( 1994 ) . The consequence of pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss in the intervention of degenerative arthritis of the articulatio genus and cervical spinal column. Report of randomized, dual blind, placebo controlled tests. J Rheumatol 21 ( 10 ) :1903e11. Trock, D.H, Bollet, A.J A ; Markill R. ( 1994 ) . ‘The consequence of pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss in the intervention of degenerative arthritis of the articulatio genus and cervical spinal column. Report of randomized, dual blind, placebo controlled tests ‘ . J Rheumatol vol: 21 No 10 pp 1903-11 Trock, D.H. ( 1993 ) . ‘A double-blind test of the clinical effects of pulsed electro magnetic Fieldss in degenerative arthritis ‘ . J Rheumatol vol:20 No.3 pp456-460. Trock.D. ( 2000 ) . ‘Investigational Treatment for Musculoskeletal Disorders ‘ . Electro magnetic Fieldss and Magnets vol:26 No 1 pp 51-62 Zizic T.M, Hoffman K.C, Holt P.A, Hungerford D.S, O’Dell J.R, Jacobs M.A. ( 1995 ) . The intervention of degenerative arthritis of the articulatio genus with pulsed electrical stimulation. J Rheumatol. 22 ( 9 ) :1757e61. How to cite A Review Of Electro Magnet Therapy Health Essay, Essay examples

Explain the Principle Psychological Perspective

Questions: 1: Explain the principle psychological perspective .1.1: assess different psychological approaches to study .2: Explain different psychological approaches to health practice .2.1: compare two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision .2.2: evaluate two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision. 3: Explain different psychological approaches to social care practice. Answers: 1: Explain the principle psychological perspective The principal psychological perspectives attribute to the development of perceptions and assumptions related to the functionality of human behaviour, psychosocial instincts, mind approaches, cognitive function, self-esteem and biological factors influencing the psycho-socio-somatic health of individuals. Evidence-based research literature reveals the potential of the human face and associated behavioural reflection in terms of undertaking transformation for becoming a social animal (Meadows, 2014, p. 19). 1.1: Assess different psychological approaches to study Different psychological approaches to study include the behaviourist, psychodynamic, cognitive, biological, humanistic and social learning strategies in the context of their implementation for enhancing the health and social care outcomes. Behaviourist approach emphasizes the role of the environment in influencing behavioural instincts of individuals under controlled conditions. Pavlovs behaviourist theory advocates the influence of conditioning attributing to differentiation, acquisition, generalization, experimental neurosis and extinction on the inhibition and excitation processes of the brain (Goodwin, 2015, p. 300). Classical conditioning (researched by Pavlov) objectively induces behavioural outcomes in preconceived environmental conditions. Skinner advocates the principles of operant conditioning that emphasizes the direct linkage of voluntary responses on their subsequent consequences (Weiten, Dunn, Hammer, 2012, pp. 46-47). The favourable, unfavourable and neutral responses (of organisms) governed by reinforcement, punishment and extinction in the context of operant conditioning theory. Positive motivation results in the repetition of responses; however, negative reinforcement and punishment exhibit the poten tial to reduce or nullify the pattern of behavioural outcomes. Psychodynamic approach explores the impact of experiences of life and the unconscious state of mind on the behavioural outcomes. Freud advocates the influence of events of life in terms of unprecedented incidents, happenings and positive or negative relationship patterns on the behavioural strengths and weaknesses of individuals (Higdon, 2012, p. 14). Freud emphasizes the effect of these events on the unconscious mind leading to the behavioural variations among individuals. The analysis of dreams and communication patterns by Freud further confirms his psychodynamic contention for evaluating the behaviour of living beings. The life cycle approach advocated by Erikson emphasizes the requirement of the resolution of interpersonal conflicts with the implementation of effective coping strategies for strengthening the relationships and consequent behavioural outcomes among individuals (Lishman, 2015, p. 99). Cognitive psychological approach deals with the evaluation of mental physiology attributing to attention, perception and memory for determining the behavioural manifestations. Piagets cognitive developmental theory describes cognitive and logical developmental processes as truly spontaneous in the absence of readily observable instructions. This theory correlates the logical development of individuals with the patterns of their reading development under the influence of culture and system of education (Berger, Pezdek, Banks, 2009, pp. 62-63). The cognitive strategy advocated by Kelly discusses the behavioural strategies for controlling the emotional responses of individuals for initiating reappraisal. This approach eventually alters the responses of individuals in relation to various emotions after modifying their perspectives regarding these particular emotions across the community environment. Emotional modification among individuals attained after empathizing with them and contro lling their thought processes while establishing patterns of consistent interaction in regular intervals (Kelly, 2012, p. 149). The biological approach to study evaluates the genetic predisposition of individuals towards developing behavioural manifestations. This approach also evaluates the impact of endocrine and nervous systems on the patterns of human behaviour. Gesell advocates the relationship between the patterns of behavioural ontogeny with the development of human brain (Bornstein Lamb, 2011, p. 217). The theory correlated the capacity of stair climbing and walking with the enhancement of motor abilities of individuals. Furthermore, the biological approach considers behaviour as an inherited instinct that potentially influences the adaptive capacity of human beings. This approach also explores the environmental influences on the human genome that consequently influences the behavioural outcomes. The humanistic approach deals with the evaluation of self-actualization of individuals with the application of holistic strategies for diagnosing the human behaviour. The individual experiences of people and their perceptions utilized as potential tools for evaluating their behaviour across the community environment. Rogerss humanistic approach considers the instincts attributing to active listening and positive interaction as a tool for strengthening the patterns of relationship between individuals, rather than merely enhancing their productivity across the corporate environment (Schneider, Pierson, Bugental, 2015, p. 726). These patterns of positive relationship lead to the enhancement of well-being and psychosocial health of the human population. The social learning approach emphasizes the positive or negative influence of cultures and individualized contentions on human behaviour. Banduras theory of social learning advocates the influence on self-reinforcement strategies on the patterns of human behaviour (Corey, 2009, p. 233). This social cognitive theory further emphasizes the role of self-organization, self-reflection and proactive social interventions for the enhancement of behavioural outcomes. Bandura evidentially presents the role of life attributes including business activities, healthcare, education and social interventions on the modification of human behaviour. 2: Explain different psychological approaches to health practice Psychological approaches have numerous applications in health and social care practices across the globe. These evidence-based strategies utilized as potential tools by healthcare practitioners and psychologists across the globe for enhancing the health outcomes across hospitals, health clinics, counsellors, day centres, schools and nurseries. The biological approach helps in understanding the predisposition of individuals towards developing various disease patterns. This approach also assists in configuring the developmental protocols and stress management strategies for the individuals affected with psychosomatic disorders. The behaviourist approach assists in the development of behaviour management strategies for mitigating the manifestations of challenging behaviour. Furthermore, social learning strategies assist in the configuration of role models in decreasing the frequency of discriminatory behaviour among the psychologically unstable individuals. Cognitive approaches assist h ealthcare professionals in developing cognitive behavioural interventions for reducing the intensity of cognitive communication deficit and helping the patients affected with various learning difficulties. Psychodynamic approaches assist healthcare professionals in configuring therapeutic strategies for resolving the patterns of anxiety (and associated psychosocial conflicts) experienced by the affected individuals. The humanistic approach helps in the development of patient centered strategies while evaluating the individualized requirements of the affected patients for enhancing the health outcomes across the community environment. 2.1: Compare two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision Humanistic Approach Behaviourist Approach 1. Humanistic approach based on the concepts of holism, human values and reductionism. This theory assists healthcare practitioners in terms of configuring strategies for enhancing the functionality of nervous, endocrine and alimentary systems in the context of maintaining the psychosomatic state of individuals (McCarthy Rose, 2010, pp. 70-71). 1. This approach focuses on the development of observable learning and reinforcement strategies, rather than the enhancement of somatic systems for elevating the intellectual, interpersonal and psychomotor potential of individuals (Biech, 2008, p. 203). 2. This approach requires the successful processing of effective communication with the client for the development of customized psychosocial interventions in accordance with clients personal requirements. 2. This approach does not correlate with the communication skills of individuals; it rather evaluates psychosocial symptoms for determining the behaviour modification strategies for enhancing the mental outcomes. 2.2: Evaluate two psychological approaches to health and social care service provision. Advantages of Humanistic Approach Humanistic approach is a client-centered strategy that takes into account the positive intentions of the client for enhancing the behavioural outcomes (Plante, 2011, p. 133). This approach facilitates the establishment of an effective therapeutic relationship between client and healthcare professionals and keeps both of them at ease during the process of psychosocial intervention. Disadvantages of Humanistic Approach Humanistic approach fails to identify congenital conditions influencing the development of behavioural manifestations among individuals. This strategy works for a shorter tenure and subjective understanding of the behavioural outcomes by the healthcare professionals is difficult to achieve in a practical scenario. Advantages of Behaviourist Approach Behaviourism is a comparatively scientific approach that assists healthcare professionals in analyzing observable behaviour of individuals while obtaining their responses in terms of agreement on the behavioural outcomes (Gould, 2012, pp. 7-8). It facilitates the implementation of behavioural modification models for obtaining the desirable responses in the shortest possible timeframe. Disadvantages of Behaviourist Approach Behaviourist approach objectively evaluates the behavioural manifestations and exhibits limited scope of identifying the thought process of individuals and their tendency for manipulating the psychosocial responses. This strategy does not take into account the individual perspectives, requirements, contentions and choices of the patients requiring psychosocial evaluation for elevating the behavioural outcomes. 3: Explain different psychological approaches to social care practice The behaviourist and social learning approaches assist in the development of a healthy society while promoting anti-discriminatory interventions for the eligible individuals with the effective utilization of positive reinforcement strategies through behavioural counselling sessions and health education campaigns. Indeed, in any behavioural intervention, the instincts attributing to empathy, acceptance, authenticity, warmth and permissiveness significantly assist in bringing the behaviour change among the affected individuals (Burger, 2014, p. 194). The psychodynamic approach helps the social care teams in evaluating the patterns of difficult behaviour to devise the mitigating strategies in the context of reducing the psychosocial manifestations attributing to anxiety, stress and panic attacks. The cognitive approach helps the social care workers in effectively extending the assistive interventions to the individuals affected with psychological disorders attributing to depression, emotional controversies and post-traumatic stress syndrome. Subsequently, this approach works as a potential tool for reducing the burden of psychosomatic disorders across the community environment. The biological approach facilitates the determination of biological factors influencing the behavioural outcomes of individuals. Resultantly, development of treatment strategies assists in improving the psychosomatic state of the affected individuals. The humanistic approach helps the social care workers in empathizing with the affected individuals through actively listening their concerns and contentions while safeguarding their dignity during the course of assistive interventions. References Berger, D. E., Pezdek, K., Banks, W. P. (2009). Applications of Cognitive Psychology: Problem Solving, Education, and Computing. New York: Routledge. Biech, E. (2008). ASTD Handbook for Workplace Learning Professionals. Virginia: ASTD. Bornstein, M. H., Lamb, M. E. (2011). Cognitive Development: An Advanced Textbook. New York: Great Britain. Burger, W. R. (2014). Human Services in Contemporary America (9th ed.). California: Cengage. Corey, G. (2009). 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